An open-source thin film extraneural cuff electrode for peripheral nerve stimulation.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Extraneural cuff electrodes effectively interface with peripheral nerves but are rarely available for small diameter nerves or designed for clinical use. We developed a thin film polymer cuff electrode intended for clinical use and sized for recording from or stimulating small peripheral nerves, 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter. Higher selectivity targeting specific organs and tissues can be achieved with interfaces for smaller nerves. METHODS: Two cuff configurations and sizes having perforated electrodes and traces were microfabricated and characterized (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and voltage transients). In vivo feasibility was evaluated on the rat sciatic nerve with a custom placement tool and electromyographic recording. RESULTS: Cuff placement onto small-diameter nerves was facilitated using the tool and cuffs exhibited impedances and charge-injection capabilities compatible with neural recording and clinically relevant stimulation. Reproducible activation of rat sciatic nerve was demonstrated, accompanied by muscle responses. CONCLUSION: These thin film cuffs, developed as a selectable component of the open-source OpenNerve system under the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) Human Open Research Neural Engineering Technologies (HORNET) program, provide a practical avenue to interface with small peripheral nerves. SIGNIFICANCE: This cuff platform enables more selective targeting of small autonomic and vagal branches, supporting the development of bioelectronic therapies that minimize off-target effects of conventional vagus nerve stimulation.

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