Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery system for cancer management.

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics have transformed cancer treatment strategies, especially after the success of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-enabled mRNA vaccines. LNPs are effective non-viral delivery vehicles that protect mRNA, enhance intracellular delivery, and improve therapeutic safety. This review discusses recent advancements in LNP-mediated mRNA therapies, including mRNA vaccines, cytokine delivery, immune modulation, and CAR-based strategies. Innovations in lipid formulations and high-throughput technologies have enhanced delivery efficiency. We also discussed how LNP-mRNA formulations elicit immune responses and improve tumor microenvironments. We highlight promising personalized mRNA vaccines and therapies. However, challenges such as tissue specificity, immunogenicity, and manufacturing remain. Emerging strategies in lipid engineering and personalized medicine aim to address these issues, making LNP-mediated mRNA therapeutics a pivotal approach in precision oncology. This report provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in LNP-mRNA therapeutics for cancer treatment. This report also highlights recent innovations and clinical trials. We further highlight the limitations and challenges associated with LNP-mRNA therapeutics in clinical translation. Finally, we outlined the prospects of LNP-based mRNA therapeutics for personalized cancer treatment.

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