Protein Nanoplatforms for Targeted Drug Delivery, Vaccine Development, and Disease Therapy.

Abstract

Protein nanoparticles (PNPs) have emerged as versatile nanoplatforms for biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, facile surface functionalization, and intrinsic bioactivity. This narrative review provides an overview of the major protein sources, representative fabrication strategies, and biomedical applications of PNPs. Recent progress in key areas is highlighted, including targeted tumor drug delivery, vaccine antigen display, multimodal diagnostic imaging, and treatment of complex diseases. In addition, challenges and future directions toward clinical translation are also discussed. This review provides valuable guidance for the development of safe and efficient protein-based nanotherapeutics.

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