Recent Advances in High-Entropy Nanozymes: From Fabrication to Applications.

Abstract

Nanozymes are artificial enzymes designed to circumvent the inherent limitations of natural enzymes. They have emerged as a transformative paradigm in biomimetic catalysis. High-entropy nanozymes (HEAzymes) are nanomaterials that consist of high-entropy alloys, oxides, sulfides, and other high‑entropy compounds that exhibit enzyme-like catalytic activity. HEAzymes have recently garnered substantial attention as a next-generation nanozyme. The rapid evolution of this field has been propelled by synergistic advances in nanotechnology, biotechnology, catalysis, and computational modeling, offering unprecedented opportunities for rational design and broad-spectrum applications. This review provides a comprehensive and timely overview of state-of-the-art developments in HEAzymes, systematically spanning synthetic methodologies, catalytic mechanisms, and multifunctional applications. We classify fabrication strategies into thermodynamically driven and kinetically controlled routes, elucidate enzyme-mimetic catalytic behaviors and their underlying mechanistic principles, and critically examine recent advances in antioxidative, therapeutic, biosensing, energy-related, and emerging applications. Finally, we discuss prevailing challenges and outline prospective directions to guide future research. By spotlighting the frontier of HEAzyme research, this review aims to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and catalyze continued innovation in nanozyme science.

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