Dual Modulation of Coagulation and Inflammation by Algerian Apis mellifera intermissa Bee Venom: An Integrated In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Study.

Abstract

Bee venom (BV) is a complex bioactive mixture traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders. This study investigated the biochemical composition and biological activities of BV from Algerian Apis mellifera intermissa using integrated in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches. BV was chemically characterized (UV-vis spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC) and evaluated in vitro for anticoagulant (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT)) and antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) activities. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in rats using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model following a 4-week prophylactic protocol (0.8 mg/kg, twice weekly). Molecular docking was performed to investigate interactions between BV components and coagulation factors, including tissue factor, factor IXa, and factor Xa. BV contained 79.5% proteins, significantly prolonged aPTT from 23 ± 1.2 to 37.4 ± 1.8 s at 20 µg /mL, and exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (ABTS IC50 = 67.6 ± 2.82 µg /mL). BV reduced paw edema by up to 86 ± 6% within the first hour, exceeding the effect of aspirin. Docking predicted favorable PLA2-FXa interactions (HADDOCK score: -110 ± 8.4). These findings suggest the complementary biological activities of A. mellifera intermissa BV and its potential role as a multifunctional modulator of thrombo-inflammatory pathways.

Abstract as supplied by the indexing source. © the authors / publisher.