Sustainable Synthesis of SeNPs-Hesperidin Nanotherapeutics for Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer

Abstract

Background: In recent years, increasing attention has turned toward selenium nanoparticles, largely attributed to their exceptional antioxidant behaviour and their effectiveness against cancer cells. A biocompatible and eco-friendly option is with the help of green synthesis based on medicinal plant extracts. Objectives: The aim of the current research was to prepare SeNPs with Withaniasomnifera and Linum usitatissimum extracts, (SeNPs) integrated with hesperidin nanoformulation (NFs) assess their cytotoxic and apoptotic property on human breast cancer cells, and elucidate the molecular pathway of cell death with the use of SeNPs-Hesperidin.. Methods: W. somnifera root and L. usitatissimum seed aqueous extracts were reduced with the equal amount of sodium selenite solution as they were under constant stirring at room temperature. The SeNPs-Hesperidin nanoformulation (NFs) were analysed using UV-visible absorbance profiling, followed by detailed morphological examination through TEM. Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT assay. The technique of assessing apoptosis was through acridine orange/ethidium bromide and propidium iodide.The induction of programmed cell death was assessed by monitoring gene expression profiles of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome-c, and caspase-9. Results: The cytotoxic effect of SeNPs-Hesperidin nanoformulation (NFs) was concentration-dependent and the IC50 was 26.19 ug/mL.Treated cells showed clear structural alterations, including condensed chromatin and noticeable nuclear fragmentation. In the analysis of gene expressioncytochrome c, Bax and caspase-9 were upregulated, and Bcl-2 was downregulated, which proved the use of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Conclusion: Dual-extract-mediated SeNPs-Hesperidin nanoformulation (NFs) shows strong anticancer effect by mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. The methodology of green synthesis provides a viable solution to the production of selenium-based nanotherapeutics in the form of a sustainable and biocompatible.

Abstract as supplied by the indexing source. © the authors / publisher.