Metabolic syndrome remodels membrane lipids in combined periprostatic adipose tissue and ventral prostate of JCR:LA-cp rats: distinct effects of dietary flaxseed.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with impaired prostate health, but its effects on the local lipid environment remain unclear. Ground flaxseed provides n-3 fatty acids, fibre, lignans, and other components that may modify these effects. We examined the effects of MetS and dietary flaxseed on combined periprostatic adipose tissue and ventral prostate (PPAT+VP) lipid profiles in JCR rats. METHODS: Twelve-week-old lean and obese male rats received a control or 10% ground flaxseed diet for 12 weeks (n = 8/group). Untargeted lipidomics used high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, along with gas chromatography of phospholipid fatty acids. RESULTS: MetS increased relative PPAT+VP weight (p < 0.001) and altered 135 of 195 lipid species (69.2%). Phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogen, and ceramide species were predominantly reduced, whereas diacylglycerols increased. Phospholipid fatty acid remodeling included increased saturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduced monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid. Flaxseed altered 69 species (35.4%), increasing glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid species and enriching phospholipids with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Genotype × diet interactions affected 9 species. CONCLUSIONS: MetS remodeled membrane phospholipid and sphingolipid composition in combined PPAT+VP independently of chronic high-fat feeding. Flaxseed produced a distinct lipidomic signature and modified phospholipid fatty acid composition. However, because PPAT and VP were analyzed together, the observed differences cannot be attributed to either tissue and may also reflect differences in their relative contributions to the combined sample.
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