Synergistic triazoles-metal ions bridging for active and stable enzyme assembled composite toward high-performance biosensor.

Abstract

Toxic pesticides pollution is ubiquitous in soil via undirected migration, which poses huge risk on soil properties and soil biodiversity patterns. Developing enzyme-based biosensor opens opportunities for monitoring pesticides migration behavior in soil, yet this technique faces challenges in poor enzyme stability and susceptibility to interference from the soil matrix. Here we design a weak aggregation-coupled multisite bridging strategy to immobilize enzyme, with the aim of constructing a robust enzyme-based biosensor for monitoring pesticide migration in soil. To immobilize enzyme, hydrophobic triazole moieties as a molecular linker drive rapid pre-assembly with acetylcholinesterase enzyme, followed by multivalent coordination locking via metal ions, forming an enzyme-triazoles-metal ions assembled composite (EAC). Notably, this approach enables enzyme immobilization within 5 min, which eliminates the need for large-nanometer-scale framework coordination to preserve substantial catalytic activity of EAC, overcoming the activity-stability tradeoffs in immobilized enzyme. The fabricated EAC-based sensor enables real-time, sensitive tracking of organophosphorus degradation dynamics and migration behavior in three typical types of soil, offering a reliable toolkit for precise monitoring of toxic pesticide pollution. We report a novel application strategy to provide design guidance for future high-performance pesticide biosensors while supporting agroecological practices development.

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