From LOX to JOX: Functional roles of jasmonate biosynthetic and catabolic genes in plant growth and stress responses.

Abstract

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a central precursor in jasmonate metabolism, and its conjugate jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) serves as the major bioactive jasmonate that regulates plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. While extensive research has focused on JA-Ile-mediated signal transduction, particularly the COI1-JAZ-MYC module, less attention has been paid to the regulatory and broader systemic roles of genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and catabolism. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted roles of key genes in the jasmonate biosynthesis and degradation pathway, such as LOXs, AOSs, AOCs, OPRs, ACXs, MFPs, KATs, JAR1, CYP94s and JOXs/JAOs, in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We highlight that current evidence suggests that jasmonate biosynthesis and degradation are regulated through a complex network involving multiple gene families operating across different subcellular compartments. These genes are also reported to be associated with interactions between jasmonate metabolism and other signaling pathways, including light and hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene. Finally, we identify current research gaps and propose future directions, including tissue-specific mechanisms, multi-signal integration, and applications in non-model plants.

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