Six undescribed prenylated flavonoids with cytotoxicity from Epimedium sagittatum maxim.

Abstract

Six previously undescribed prenylated flavonoids (compounds 1-6) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by HRESIMS, extensive 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The absolute configurations of the sugar units were determined via acid hydrolysis, followed by derivatization with l-cysteine methyl ester and phenyl isothiocyanate, and HPLC comparison with authentic standards. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 human cancer cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against A549 cells with an IC50 value of 28.1 μM. Molecular docking of compound 3 with sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), an enzyme implicated in tumor progression, revealed a stable binding mode, while subsequent enzymatic assay confirmed its direct SphK1 inhibitory activity, supporting its potential in targeting this kinase.

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