Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Evaluation of Bio-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Through Malus domestica Peel Extract.

Abstract

The current study involves a greener synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Malus domestica (apple) peel extract. The successful formation of Md-AgNPs was established by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD and EDX. The presence of major phytochemicals was evidenced by HPLC analysis. The extract exhibited the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 198.6 ± 4.8 mg GAE/g dried peel and 82.4 ± 2.3 mg QE/g dried peel, respectively. The Zeta potential of -21.6 mV indicated the stability of the formed Md-AgNPs. The spherical and monodispersed nature of AgNPs was evidenced by HRTEM and SEM images. The particle size of Md-AgNPs ranged from 20 to 43 nm, with an average size of 29.9 nm. The Md-AgNPs demonstrated the concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 13.50 ± 0.70 mm against Aeromonas hydrophila. The measured IC50 values for Md-AgNPs using the DPPH and ABTS assays were 100.54 ± 0.28 µg/mL and 194.4 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively. The EC50 for Md-AgNPs value determined using FRAP assay was 35.07 ± 0.04 µg/mL. Further, the anticancer activity of the Md-AgNPs was evaluated against human breast cancer cells and Md-AgNPs showed potent efficacy (IC50 value = 24.8 ± 0.5 µg/mL).

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