Bimetallic MOF/SC-MXene hierarchical composite for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of epinephrine in food matrices.

Abstract

High intake of salt, sugar, and caffeinated foods can stimulate the hypersecretion of epinephrine (EP), which is associated with adverse health effects. To enable rapid monitoring of epinephrine, we developed a high-performance electrochemical sensor based on bimetallic metal-organic framework (Fe@Cu(BTC)) anchored on sodium citrate (SC)-functionalized MXene (SC-MXene). The Fe@Cu(BTC)/SC-MXene composite exhibits a hierarchical network structure with abundant redox-active sites (Fe3+/2+ and Cu2+/+) and high conductivity. The incorporation of SC serves as a molecular bridge, preventing MXene from oxidation and restacking while ensuring a stable electrocatalytic environment. Leveraging the synergistic effects among its components, the Fe@Cu(BTC)/SC-MXene/GCE sensor demonstrates outstanding performance in epinephrine detection, featuring wide linear range (0.006-300 μM), ultralow detection limit (0.0018 μM, S/N = 3), excellent repeatability RSD (0.504%), and good real-sample recovery along with anti-interference capability. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully applied to real food samples, highlighting its significant potential for dietary guidance, food safety, and health diagnostics.

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